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Search engine traffic is one of the main drivers of eCommerce sales. But competition is high, and paid promotion alone is expensive. One of the solutions is SEO: competent optimization that will help a store to appear higher in Google, attract a “warm” audience, and increase profits.
In this article, the Promodo team will explain step by step how to set up SEO promotion of an online store: from technical SEO audit to optimization of content and product pages.
eCommerce SEO is a set of actions to improve the visibility of an online store in search engines. Unlike classic SEO for a blog or corporate website, here we work with a large number of pages: categories, product cards, filters, tags.
According to BrightEdge research, more than 53% of traffic to eCommerce sites comes from organic search. This means that most of your potential customers search for products on Google. If your site is not optimized, you simply won't appear in the search results.
SEO for eCommerce sites is especially important for online stores with similar products - it can become a competitive advantage.
Promoting an online store is always a more difficult task than optimizing a blog or landing page. That is why standard SEO methods do not always work here.
An online store can have thousands of products, dozens of categories, and hundreds of tags. This creates problems with indexing (not all pages are included in Google) and the risk of overloading the crawling budget (Google simply does not have time to crawl all the pages).
Filtering by size, color, brand, and price is user-friendly, but can create thousands of URLs with non-unique content.
For example:
/krosivky?color=white&size=42
/krosivky?size=42&color=white
These are different URLs, but they duplicate the content.
These can be pages of the same product with different URLs (due to sorting, filters, UTM) or products with the same descriptions (copying from the supplier).
Products disappear, new ones appear, URLs break, which negatively affects eCommerce SEO statistics.
The description “Men's jacket, 100% polyester” does not work for SEO for ecommerce sites. Most product cards have no chance of ranking if they are not optimized.
These features are just the tip of the iceberg. But if you take them into account when developing your strategy, your eCommerce site will become visible on Google.
To outperform your competitors in search, you need to know who they are, what queries they use, and what strategy they use. SEO for eCommerce is not only about your own website, but also about understanding the market.
Your SEO competitors are not always those who work in the same niche. These are primarily those who take clicks.
Understanding the structure of your competitors' websites allows you not only to “peek” at how their catalog is organized, but also to see which pages they are pumping, how they distribute semantics, and where the main entry points from Google are. This is useful for building your own category logic, internal linking, and planning future SEO landing pages.
Pay attention to:
If your competitors' URLs include keywords, this indicates that the structure is manually customized. Such URLs are better perceived by both search engines and users.
Is there a division by seasonality, brands, styles? Do they create pages for collections, trends, types of requests? If so, it means that they focus not only on the catalog structure but also on search intentions.
Tip: Copy the filtered URL (e.g. /female-jacket?brand=Columbia&season=winter) and check in Google to see if it is indexed. If it is, your competitor is letting the filters get indexed. He may have optimized these pages as additional SEO landing pages.
One of the fastest ways to assess the scale and quality of a competitor's SEO configuration is to see how many of their pages are in the Google index. This allows you to understand:
To find out the number of pages on your website that are indexed in Google, use the site: search operator. Enter it in the Google search bar and then add the website address. For example, site:yourdomain.com. Google will display the results that it considers to be indexed.
Just knowing that your competitor is ranking is not enough. You need to clearly understand which pages bring them traffic, which keywords drive users, and what strategy is behind it.
What to watch:
Tools:
For example, if you see that a competitor's page receives 20% of all traffic, this is a signal to create a similar SEO page with better content, better delivery terms, reviews, or even videos.
Check the top keywords for which the page is ranked. Go to Ahrefs → Organic Keywords or Semrush → Positions.
Pay attention to:
If a category receives traffic not only for “buy Nike sneakers” but also for queries such as “the most comfortable running shoes” and “men's nike zoom air”, it means that the page has content that meets these queries.
Sometimes pages do not have an obvious place in the navigation, but they bring traffic. This may be the result:
Pay attention to the following pages:
If a competitor is actively using a blog, be sure to analyze what topics they write about and which articles bring traffic. This works as pre-sale content - it leads the user from search and then leads to a purchase.
Studying pages that actually bring traffic to a competitor is the most useful part of the analysis. You can immediately see what works in the market, what queries bring in sales, and what page formats you should implement: SEO categories, landing pages for filters, content articles, or guides.
The more authoritative sites link to a competitor, the higher its pages can appear in search. That is why analyzing competitors' backlinks is a must-have step when developing an SEO strategy for an online store.
What to analyze in a competitor's backlink profile?
If the majority of the competitor's links are from directories, unauthorized forums, or "spammy" blogs, this is a weakness.
If a competitor often uses the anchor “buy a women's coat,” it is likely that they are purposefully building links for this query.
There is a nuance in the selection of keywords for online stores that is often ignored by beginners: category and product queries are not the same thing. Category queries are usually broader (for example, “women's sneakers”, “smartphones under 10,000”) and are more often searched for by users. And product queries are specific (“Nike Air Zoom Pegasus 40”) and are already close to purchase.
Semantics should cover three types of queries:
Promodo experts advise to divide requests by page type at the start.
To find ideas, you should explore Amazon, Temu and other large platforms. Aggregators are a real repository of real wording used by users to search for products. Promodo experts advise to include them in a mandatory semantics research program, especially at the stage of creating the structure of an eCommerce site.
What to analyze on marketplaces:
Competitor research gives you an understanding of which keywords are already working in your niche and allows you to see weak or untapped pages in your structure.
How to do it:
Also pay attention to:
Promodo experts advise using Wikipedia to:
Wikipedia is especially useful at the stage of expanding the catalog structure - when the basic queries have already been covered, and you need to find niche pages that will bring in additional traffic from less competitive keywords.
Recommendation from Promodo experts: Use several tools in parallel - this gives you a wider coverage of queries, allows you to check the frequency and competitiveness, and form accurate clusters for the structure of the online store.
Avoid duplication: one page - one cluster. This will help avoid cannibalization and improve relevance.
For projects with a large assortment, it is better to build a structure based on semantics right away rather than adjusting it later. This will simplify indexing and allow you to more accurately hit the search intentions of users.
After you have formed semantic groups for categories, you should think about supporting content. A blog is not just an addition to an online store, but a tool that helps:
For example, here is an eCommerce project with a wide range of products that combines a catalog and a blog to strengthen the SEO structure - Vivat Blog.
Filters are one of the most difficult areas in eCommerce SEO. They are necessary for users, but often create problems with duplicates, crawlability, and indexing.
The main risks:
/zhinochi-kurty?color=black&size=m
/zhinochi-kurty?size=m&color=black - technically different pages, but with the same content.
Tip: Instead of indexing all the filters, it is better to make 20-30 “manual” pages for specific queries with frequency. This gives traffic without compromising the structure.
On-Page SEO for websites is the basis of systematic optimization of an online store.
Audit of technical errors in eCommerce
Technical errors interfere with indexing and affect rankings. The most common ones are:
Every product page should have unique and attractive meta tags. In the Title, it is important to specify the product name, brand, and key feature:
Title: Women's winter jacket Columbia Powder Lite - buy in Ukraine
Description: Original women's Columbia Powder Lite jacket ✓ Winter ✓ Warm ✓ Delivery in Ukraine. Order online at [store name].
Avoid using the same templates for all products - it reduces the click-through rate in search.
A snippet is the first impression of your product on Google. Make it stand out:
It increases CTR and trust in the page.
Use Schema.org, a micro-markup standard that helps search engines better understand the page.
Recommended for eCommerce:
The implementation of micro-markup allows you to enrich your snippets and increase relevance.
Optimized images speed up your site and improve the user experience. The main recommendations:
Loading speed is one of the ranking signals. For website speed optimization, focus on Core Web Vitals:
CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) - the stability of elements when loading.
You can improve these indicators with the help of:
The robots.txt file allows you to control which pages are indexed by Google. It is important for eCommerce:
Website rendering is the process of converting the code (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) of a web page into an interactive visualization that we see in a web browser.
The sitemap.xml file should contain only the pages that should be in the index. We recommend separate sitemaps for products, categories, and blog.
To ensure correct SEO optimization for multiple language versions of your website, follow these steps:
1. Formation of URLs. Use subfolders with a language prefix, for example:
The URL of each page should exist in only one version, without duplicates. Avoid simultaneous transliteration and duplication of content for different languages.
2. Setting up hreflang attributes. On each page of the site in the <head> section, you need to specify the appropriate hreflang attributes:
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="uk" href="https://site.com/uk/blog/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://site.com/en/blog/" />
These tags must be present on all language versions of all pages.
3. Linking between language versions.
Language switcher:
Internal navigation: all links in menus, filters, service pages, etc. should lead to the appropriate language version.
Content links: In the texts of service pages, all internal links must also be linguistically relevant.
In addition, Promodo experts advise:
To set up pagination correctly:
The more links from authoritative and relevant sites lead to your site, the higher you will rank in search results.
Link replication: analyzing and implementing successful competitor strategies
Using tools like Ahrefs → Site Explorer → Backlinks / Referring domains, you can find out which sites are linking to your competitors. Next, analyze what types of pages are receiving links: blog, categories, SEO for ecommerce website landing pages, affiliate materials.
This helps to build a similar strategy or find outreach opportunities.
Outreach marketing for eCommerce companies is an opportunity to make yourself known through authoritative sources, get quality backlinks, expand brand awareness, and attract new customers.
Create a list of niche media outlets, blogs, and industry resources that match your values and topics, and offer them interesting guest material.
The main thing is unique content, natural linking, and an agreement on attribution.
Evergreen content is formats that remain relevant for a long time and gain links organically. For eCommerce, these can be:
Such materials increase the authority of the brand and create a backlink base for the future.
The Broken Link Building strategy is to find external links to pages that no longer exist and offer your own relevant page as a replacement.
In Ahrefs → Best by links → 404 filter, you can find broken competitor pages and contact the sites that link to them.
Use services like Ahrefs Alerts, BrandMentions, Google Alerts to track where your brand is mentioned.
If there is a mention, but no link, write to the administrator with a request to add an active link. This is a simple tactic with a high conversion rate.
Simple but effective links can be obtained through registration on popular directories and business platforms:
Important: make sure that the data is the same everywhere (Name, Address, Phone - NAP).
These are mentions and links in forums, blog comments, and Q&A sites (such as Quora, Reddit). They don't carry the same weight as do follow links, but they do affect brand search, visibility, and authority.
Important:
Finding micro-influencers in your niche is another way to get natural links. Look for authors on YouTube, TikTok, or Instagram who are already creating product reviews.
Offer cooperation in the format of a review with a link in the description. The more natural the format is, the higher the credibility and SEO results.
Content marketing in eCommerce has two key functions:
The content on the site should not only be of high quality, but also logically connected to product categories through internal links and common key topics.
It's also about covering information requests that don't close categories or products. Examples: “How to choose a laptop for studying”, “5 mistakes when buying winter shoes”.
An eCommerce landing page is usually a category, brand page, or a separate SEO landing page for a filter or query. The main purpose of the text on such pages is not only to rank, but also to help the user make a choice. Therefore, the text should be relevant, unique, and easy to read at the same time.
The structure of an effective SEO text:
Important:
For categories:
For a product card:
For SEO texts, it is important to maintain structure and clear language. The format works well: question - answer, bullet points, lists.
For online stores, it is important to track not only traffic growth but also the impact of SEO on sales, user behavior, and competitive position.
Key metrics that need to be tracked:
Tools: Google Analytics 4, Google Search Console, Ahrefs, Serpstat.
To evaluate how well your SEO strategy is working, it is useful to focus on real benchmarks.
Important: these benchmarks are not absolute goals, but guidelines for assessing the dynamics of the strategy. SEO processes work steadily, not sporadically, so it's more valuable to track trends than points. Successful SEO is a long-term process. It's important to regularly check in with business goals, not just the numbers in analytics.
Instead of focusing only on numbers, Promodo experts advise evaluating SEO performance in the following areas:
Since 2020, the Promodo team has been working on SEO promotion of the website of Vitto Rossi, a Ukrainian mono-brand shoe and accessories store. Despite high-quality content and a stable link profile, the highly competitive niche did not allow the site to fully scale in the search results. To find new growth points, the specialists focused on technical optimization.
What they did:
For product pages that will never appear on the site again
↓
Added 301 redirect to the category they are associated with.
For product pages that may appear on the site again
↓
Added 302 redirect instead of 301.
For filters with no products
↓
Added 302 redirect to the higher-level page, since in the future products may appear that will be linked to this filter.
Eliminated 404 pages to reduce traffic loss and improve user experience.
Results:
The results proved that even in a saturated “red ocean”, SEO can provide stable growth - provided a systematic approach to technical solutions and support for quality content.
SEO for eCommerce is not a one-time action, but a systematic work that includes technique, structure, content, and external signals. For an online store to grow steadily in search, it is important to:
Organic traffic is a long-term asset. And it is SEO that allows online stores to get it steadily, regardless of paid campaigns.
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